Electric substations are the part of the power system and used for transferring power from generating points to load centers. Highvoltage cables are manufactured to exact specifications so that they can withstand a variety of mechanical and electrical stresses. This module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an. Interconnection of power plants of the national or area electrical grid. The manual is applicable for all substation projects regardless of internalexternal design delivery mode. A 50 hz electrical substation in melbourne, australia.
Kevin borgmeyer kevin borgmeyer, pe, is senior manager of electrical engineering at alliant energy in madison, wisconsin. Symbols of the most important equipment in transformer substation are given below. Step up and step down voltage of the distribution network to suitable values for networks operating. The substation receives electrical energy directly from generating stations through incoming power supply lines while it delivers electricity to the consumers. Design of earthing grounding system in a substation grid. Busbars receive power from incoming circuits and deliver power to outgoing circuits.
The handbook contains a wide array of topics and each topic is written by an authority on the subject. The electrical substation design is a complex method with full of engineer planning. Electrical engineering objective questions mcq with answer. How an electrical substation works brighthub engineering. Oct 18, 2017 this webinar discusses the basic configuration of a substation as well as the key players involved with operations and control of transmission and distribution circuits.
In a less simple way, substation is the key part of electrical generation, transmission, and distribution systems. Bus is actually the electrical structure to which all power lines and transformers are connected. Preface the handbook of electric power calculationsprovides detailed stepbystep calculation procedures commonly encountered in electrical engineering. Substations containing stepup transformers increase voltage and decrease current. A typical distribution system consists of subtransmission circuits, which carry voltages ranging from 12. Substation also dispatches electric power from generating stations to the consumption center. Electrical basics sample drawing index basics 1 overall plant 1line. Basics of distribution substations for electrical engineers. To better understand the importance of electrical substations, lets start with a discussion about the structure of the power systems and their main components.
Download electrical multiple choice questions answers pdf. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Note that these symbols might not look the same depending on. Interconnected power systems are the largest physical machines in existence. Typical electrical drawing symbols and conventions. The checklists are intended to help inspectors keep track of the numerous aspects of an electrical installation. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Electricity has to be transmitted over large distances as the place where the power is being generated and the place where it is consumed can be far apart.
Objectives provide basic understanding of protection and controls for transmission substations. Power system structure the typical power system structure is. When a highvoltage cable is terminated for a connection to a circuit or equipment in a substation or switchyard, the termination must also be made to exact specifications. Electrical substation now days the electrical power demand is increasing very rapidly.
Earthing system is made of a mesh of buried bare copper cable, with additional earth rods, and shall be calculated, being recommended to use ieee std. Oct 11, 2012 surge arresters are generally connected between phase conductor and ground. There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth. Pdf protection coordination in electrical substation part2. Electrical substation components list diagram, working. Learn hv substation elements graphic symbols, basics. What is a electrical substation definition, layout, and. Dec 31, 2015 electrical power design substation engineer interview questions. Introduction to substations annotated instructors guide module overview this module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an introduction to typical substation components included. Main components of substation substation components. The electrical substation does not have a single circuit but is composed of numerous outgoing and incoming circuits which are connected to a busbar i. Switching station a part of an electrical transmission system that ties two or more electric circuits together through switches, to permit a circuit to be disconnected, or to change the electric connection between circuits.
Mcdonald the use of electric power substations in generation, transmission, and distribution remains one of the most challenging and exciting areas of electric power engineering. Power systems engineer bob ringlee tells us the basics about power substations. Substation transforms voltage from high to low or from low to high as necessary. Switchgear and protective devices 2015 3 p a g e syllabus switchgear and protective devices 310 modulei 10 hours protective devices. In general, an electrical substation is a place which transmits electricity from one part of the production. Page 59 in the electrical code simplified book will help students to understand how many devices are permitted per circuit and their electrical symbols. Our customers for substation safety equipment regularly pose questions relating to safety protection during substation operation and maintenance. If the transformer contained within the substation is a stepdown, the. Download electric power substations engineering by john d. Electrical power is the instantaneous flow of electrical charges, or current s, which serve as the means to perform work. Various incoming and outgoing circuits are connected to busbars. Several crucial terms are for better understanding of the presented material. Substation configuration substation configuration can greatly affect protection choices substation physical design engineers must be in full agreement with protection and control engineers, even for temporary substation configurations.
Substations are integral parts of a power system and form important links between the generating stations, transmission systems, distribution systems and. Depending upon the availability of resources these stations are constructed. Best practices for protection and control applications for. Electrical power substation engineering and layout. Webinar substation the basics of a substation configuration. Understanding electrical schematics part 1 revised. This bulletin is an update and revision of previous rea bulletin 651, design guide for rural substations revised june 1978. Jun 20, 2016 did you ever wonder about those substations you see all around your neighborhood.
Normally stations are where we catch trains or buses. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of all who contributed. Electrical grids energy is generated and used constantly in the same amounts. Power substation types basics of substation design.
Important formulas for designing a substation grid earthing system. An electrical substation is an installation with electrical equipment capable of interrupting or establishing electrical circuits and changing the voltage, frequency, or other characteristics of the electrical energy flowing in the circuits. Many different supply voltages are used in the hvacr industry, ranging from 575v, threephase power supplies to 24v control circuit voltages. Practical electrical substation safety for engineers. The checklists are in pdf format and can be completed electronically or printed and used as hard copy. Power supplies may be indicated by solid lines or by dashed or dotted lines, as shown in figure 4. An electrical power substation receives electric power from generating station via transmission lines and delivers power via the outgoing transmission lines. Iec 61850 is a part of the international electrotechnical commissions iec technical committee 57 tc57 reference architecture for electric power systems. Electrical engineering objective questions mcq with answer free pdf download. Substation substation a station in the power transmission system at which electric power is transformed to a conveniently used form. Electrical substation components, workings and their functions.
The electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers. Modern electric generators utilize turbine engines to spin or rotate magnets around coils of conductive wiring to induce alternating currents and voltages capable of performing work over time, which is also known as power. Basic principles the best distribution system is one that will, costeffectively and safely, supply adequate electric service to both present and future probable loadsthis section is intended to aid in selecting, designing and installing such a system. Show full abstract practical protection coordination of the electrical substation by using siddik kardesler substation substation as a case study.
In a substation surge arrester is located at the starting of the substation as seen from incoming transmission lines and is the first equipment of the substation. The substation design manual is not intended to replace asset management standards, but rather. This is not a full description of every component but he talks about lighting arresters, transformers, gis. Pdf electric power substations engineering by john d. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 1. Recent technological develop ments have had a tremendous impact on all. By the same analogy we can explain what a substation does. If the transformer contained within the substation is a stepdown.
High voltage substation question for electrical engineer interview. Dec 25, 2018 the electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers. There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth functioning of the system. Oct 11, 2012 electric substations are the part of the power system and used for transferring power from generating points to load centers. Introduction to electrical substation instrumentation. This is showing three of the five 220 kv66 kv transformers, as well as highvoltage transformer fire barriers, each with a capacity of 150 mva. Say a certain generation station generates power in voltage level 11kv, then if it has supply power to the grid which is of 2kv then the generating station will need a substation basic of electrical substation. Gis there are two terms presented in iec gas insulated switchgear and ieee gas insulated substations. Faults instrument transformers correlation to drawings other. A substation is a facility which is used to stepup or stepdown the voltage in the utility power lines, voltage will be stepped up if the power is transmitted through longdistance transmission lines and it will be stepped down when the power is to enter the local distribution line. Philosophy of protection, nature, causes and consequences of faults, zone of protection, requirements of a protective scheme, basic terminology components of protection scheme. This is a discussion of the basic principles behind grounding systems and how grounding is related to safety and the effective operation of circuit protection devices such as fuses and circuit breakers.
It also is used to change ac voltages from one level to another, andor change alternating current to direct current or direct current to alternating current. Our substation, project management and engineering teams complete custom designed projects within budget and on schedule for various clients. This webinar discusses the basic configuration of a substation as well as the key players involved with operations and control of transmission and distribution circuits. The electric power substation, whether generating station or transmission and distribution, remains one of the most challenging and exciting fields of electric power engineering. An assembly of equipment in an electric system through which electrical energy is passed for generation, transmission, distribution, interconnection, transformation, conversion or switching. Basic electrical circuits and theory branch circuit wiring a basic top view floor plan terminology block diagram. There are a number of hazards unique to substations. In this role kevin manages the departments of substation engineering, system protection engineering, cad engineering services, and relay, scada, and telecommunications technical support for wisconsin power and light operating company. This pdf contains 77 electrical inspection checklists taken from the 2014 electrical inspection manual with checklists. An introduction to electric power transmission presentation.
Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed in. Design guide for rural substations blank page united states department of agriculture rural utilities service rus bulletin 1724e300 subject. Compliance with all technical requirements all energize elements comply with the required clearances clearances verify compliance with the last requirements of the national electrical safety code or prepa diseno subw\copy of svc subst profile 2. Recent technological developments have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of substation design and operation. Part 1 also provides an overview of substation major equipment, explaining the mission, and arrangement of each component. The basic things about substations you must know in the. Dec, 2018 the electrical substation does not have a single circuit but is composed of numerous outgoing and incoming circuits which are connected to a busbar i.
Some of the important components of substation are. Circuit breakers and other switching equipment in a substation can be organized. In this post provide you latest and updated 2018 electrical mcq objective questions with answer which are help for preparation all electrical engineering exams like gate, ies, jto, psus, rrb jeaen, rrb loco pilot and technicians, ssc je, dmrc, lmrc, isro and other state level engineering exams. Electrical substations are supplementary parts of electricity generation systems, where voltage is transformed from high to low and vice verse using transformers. Substations a substation is a highvoltage electric system facility. Basics, maintenance, and diagnostics vii contents continued page 4. Understanding electrical schematics part 1 revised by howard l. Surge arresters are also provided near the transformer terminals phase to ground. Ehvehv and ehvhv 1 substations are an important element of the electricity transmission network of a country or of a large area of a country and their functions are. Principles of electrical grounding john pfeiffer, p. Transmission basics facilities, interconnection and permitting.
All rus borrowers rus electric staff effective date. There are two basic configurations used in schematics today to show the approximate placement of loads, switches, and different power or supply voltages. It is the base for all developments in substation automation. Electric power distribution system basics by kiran daware power distribution, power system electrical power is dominant as it is relatively much easier to transmit and distribute than other forms of energy such as mechanical. Substation interview questions answers engineering tutorial. Basic electrical engineering for hvac engineers a heating, ventilating and airconditioning hvac system is a simple system of heating and cooling exchangers using water or refrigerant direct expansion system as the medium. The basic equipment in distribution substations includes. Fault short circuit produced by failure of insulation.
Basic substation configurations and the components. Electrical substation an electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. Substation definition n critical for generation, transmission, and distribution system n performs several important switching functions n may have various voltage levels before it reaches the customer n owned and operated by an electrical utility or a large industrialcommercial customer. The cross section of the buried cable should calculated in accordance with the value of the phasetoearth short. Iec 61850 is a standard for the design of electrical substation automation.
Pge is a proven leader of fullservice substation construction and engineering concept design, economic. This substation is constructed using steel lattice structures to support strain bus wires and apparatus. Lets take a look at some of the symbols used in electrical schematics. It is used to switch generators, equipment, and circuits or lines in and out of a system. The key steps in the substation designing include switchingsystem, planning and placing of equipment, selection of components as well as ordering, support of engineers, structural design, the design of electrical layout, protection of relay, and major apparatus ratings.
For fulfilling these huge power demands the modern time requires creation of bigger and bigger power generating stations. Substation a part of an electrical transmission system that transforms voltage from high to low, or the reverse. The electrical and physical connection of substation buses are typically governed by safety, reliability, economy, maintainability and ease of operations. The function of the electric power distribution system in a.
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